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(No M0661.) l A 2 sheets-sheen 1. J. BECH.

PNEUMATIG HAMMER.

No. 526,606. Y 266611666 sept. 25i 1694.

(No Model.) A 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. BEGH. PNBUMATIG HAMMER. t

No. 526,606.A Patented Sept. 25, 1894.

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UNITED! STATES PATENT? OEEICE.

JEAN Enel-1E, oEncKwEswAGEN, GERMANY.

PN EU NIATIC HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 526,606, datedSeptember 25,V 1894. i

Application tiled January 30, 1894. 4 Serial No.'498,537. (No model.)

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JEAN BEOH, engineer and manufacturer, a subject ofthe King of Prussia, German Emperor, and a resident of I'Iiickeswagen,in the Province of the Rhine, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Hammers, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention refers to pneumatic hammers, in which the hammer-headproper is formed by a heavy cylinder containing a piston, and in whichthis latter is employed for operating said cylinder or hammer-head; and

my improvements in such pneumatic hammers relate to means for alteringthe height of stroke of the head, and also to means for automaticallyreplacing the air for the upper air-cushion, if the quantity of the airof this cushion has become a too small one, or has entirely beensupplanted.

In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanyingdrawings, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout theseveral views, and in which- Figure 1 is a side-view of my improvedpneumatic hammer, the cylinder or head being in section, and being shownin its lowest position, or resting on the anvil. Fig. 2 is a front-viewof the machine; the beam, the worm-wheel and the two bearings for theshaft holding those two parts being in section. Fig. 3 is an upper-view,partly in section; the section of the frame being taken on line 7-8 ofFig. l; the section of the friction-device being taken on line 9-10 ofFig. 6; the parts held by the removed part of the frame being alsoremoved, together with the piston and the cylinder-cover. Fig. 4 is asideview of the upper part of the machine, the head being lifted. Fig. 5is an enlarged view of the piston, partly in section. Fig. 6 is afront-view of the friction-device above mentioned (Fig. 3).

The frame o. of the pneumatic hamm er (Figs. l to 3) holds on its topthe shaft b in the two bearings a a2. Said shaft has an eccentric bcarrying the beam c. This beam may be 0scillated from shaft d by meansof crank e and connecting-mdf, and transfers its motion to the piston gwithin cylinder h by means of connecting-rod t and piston-rod k. Inorder to turneccentric b', or, in other Words, in order to raise orlower the beam c by means of said eccentric, the shaft ZJ has beenprovided' with a worm-wheel Z gearing with a worm m. This latter isfirmly connected with a chain-wheel n, and may be turned from a sleeve 0by means of chain-wheel n and chain p. Sleeve o is arranged on theeccentric end r of a shaft r. i

The left-hand end of shaft d carries a sleeveV 's with two flange-likefriction-disks s s2, the rotations of which latter may be transferred onsleeve o by the broad, disk-like endpiece o' of said sleeve o, so thatby causing contact of disk o with one or the other of the disks s s2 theworm-wheel Z may be turned in one or the other'direction, and the beammay, thus, be raised or lowered, just as required for a heavier orslighter blow of the hammer head.

The differences in the height of the hainmer-head caused by anotherposition of the eccentric b may well be seen from a comparison of Figs.l and 4; Fig. l showing the eccentric in its middle position, and Fig. 4showing the same in its highest one.

The interior space of cylinder h communicates with the outer air bymeans of two apertures h h2 connected at the inside of the cylinder by agroove or channel h3. The said apertures are situated some distanceapart from the bottom and the cover, so that spaces h4 h5 are formed, inwhich some air may be kept back and compressed for forming cushions. If,now, the hammer, moves with but slow speed, the air contained in spaceh5 could by and by escape, as the head then moves with the same velocityas the piston. If, thereafter, a greater speed is chosen, a vacuum wouldarise above the piston, which, as a matter of course, can be of veryinjurious eifect. To avoid this, an automatic valve formed by a ball g(Fig. 5) has been arranged in the piston, said valve acting in such amanner, that it allows the entrance of air into said space a5, buthinders said air from escaping out of that space, so that, therefore,neither a vacuum nor even a rarefaction of air can happen.

Having thus fully described the nature of IOC this invention, what ldesire' tosecure by Letters Pa'lft Of -th'e nfed St'afSS- l. In apneumatic hammer, 'in which th head is formed by a cylinder and is moveding adapted to raise or lower said beam, for

the purpose as described.

2. In a pneumatic hammer in which the' headv is formed by a cylinder,and is moved by a piston arranged therein, the combinationv with a beam(c) adapted .to transfer the movement of the main-shaft (d) to saidpiston (g), of angaXle (b) having an eccentric (b), and holding saidbeam (c) by means of said eccentric (6'), said main shafttd) having asleeve (s) with two friction-wheels (s situated between them in one orthe other direction, said third friction-wheel )being connected with a.chainwheel Worm (m) gearing with a worm-wheel (l) on (w), and a I shaftv(b)beingcon'nected withV aV chain-Wheel (n), the latter beingv drivenfrom wheel (n) by a chain (1o), for the purpose as described.

3. I-n a pneumatic hammer in which the head is formed by a cylinder, andis moved .'bya piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam (c)adapted to transfer the movement of the source of force to said piston,of an axle (b) having an eccentric (b), V

and holding said beam (c) by means of said eccentric (b), thelatterbeing adapted to raise or lower said beam and piston, the pistoncontaining an automatic ball-valve (g) adapted t-o admit air to thespace (h5) of the cylinder (h) above the piston, said cylinder (h)having apertures (-h h?) connected by a channel (h3) said channel beingadapted to admit air to the space above the piston through saidautomatic ball-valve, for the purpose as described,

In testimony whereof I have signed' this l specification in the presenceof two subscriby l ving witnesses. s2) adapted to turn aithirdfrictionewheel (of) JEAN BCH.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM EssENWEiN, T. H. STRAUSS.

